This is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english and validated for use in screening to assist health workers detect perinatal depression, in. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, originally created in english was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient settings as part. It was validated in the uk and in other countries, but not in spain. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale as. Consider screening at least once during pregnancy and again four to eight weeks after delivery. Probability of substance abusedependence diagnosis based on crafft score 1,2. Apr 04, 2007 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a brief and widely used instrument for measuring postnatal depression. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds guidelines postpartum depression ppd is one of the most common complications of the postpartum period. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in.
Factor structure of the spanish version of the edinburgh. Note that some pdfs can be quite large and may take several minutes to download. The epds may be used at 68 weeks to screen postnatal women or during pregnancy. The purpose of this form is to provide a standardized tool to assist in identifying health department clients suffering from signs of postnatal depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale assessment scale concepts. Factor structure of the spanish version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale introduction. To learn more about how maternal depression impacts families, see pdf a familys. Methods longitudinal study of a large, unselected sample of 569 pregnant women who were assessed in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy by using the epds and the. The spanish translation of the edinburgh postnatal depression. Overall assessment is done by total score, which is determined by adding together the scores. When it is used in non postnatal women or men, the scale is referred to as the edinburgh depression scale eds 4. Ppd affects up to 20% of women after having a baby and can even affect up to 10% women while they are pregnant. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale this 10question selfrating scale has been proven to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression.
Timing of administration of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds and sample sizes in validation studies table 2 for a summary of timing and. German, japanese, maltese, norwegian, portuguese, punjabi, spanish, swedish and vietnamese. Translations of the scale, and guidance as to its use, may be found in cox, j. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is considered the gold standard in screening for postpartum depression. Depression symptom prevalence and demographic risk factors among us women during the first 2 years postpartum. Portuguese edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds for use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum name.
Screening for depression with the edinburgh postnatal. It is a short 10item selfadministered tool originally designed to identify the presence of depression in women following childbirth, although it has been used during pregnancy and other periods, including with. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the postnatal period. Standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population mental health. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period. Postpartum major depression american family physician. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 23 translations of the epds have been recently checked, revised or backtranslated and then reformatted by western sydney translation service onto the nsw health emr form to enable clinicians better access to validated versions via a url link. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used to assess depressive symptoms and the spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory was used to determine anxiety symptoms. Antenatal depressive symptoms, a history of major depressive disorder, or. For the purposes of this toolkit, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale was selected due to its high specificity, high predictive value and its validation in numerous countries and languages. Oct 15, 2010 postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues. As you are having a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. Epds is a well known short questionnaire used to check if a mother might suffer from ppd. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. Pdf first validation of a spanishtranslated version of the. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds consists of 10 questions on a single form that can be administered in person, by phone, or selfadministered. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds is a 10question selfrating scale that was designed for and originally validated with postpartum women. The epds is a reliable and valid measure of mood in fathers. Screening recommendations postpartum support international. The objective of this study was to validate the epds as a screening instrument to detect depression during different trimesters of pregnancy in spanish women. Items of the scale correspond to various clinical depression symptoms, such as guilt feeling, sleep disturbance, low energy, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is considered the gold standard in perinatal mental health screening and the australian clinical practice guidelines recommend universal use. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this. The test can usually be completed in less than 5 minutes. The epds is a 10items selfreport scale designed as a specific instrument to detect postnatal depression. The information in brackets gives the format and file size if known. During the pilot study, the overwhelming conclusion of participating obgyn practices was that the epds was useful. Texto adaptado del british journal of psychiatry, junio, 1987, vol. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression ppd is one of the most common problems women face after having a baby. Kl wisner, bl perry, cm piontek, postpartum depression n engl j med vol 347, no 3, july 18, 2002 194199. At this time, no single screening tool is recommended by u. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most wellknown, validated instrument for screening pregnancyrelated depression. The epds has been validated for use in both pregnancy and the. Responses for the epds are scored from 0 to 3, with a total epds score that ranges from 0 to 30.
The spanish version was developed at the university of iowa based on earlier. Responses are scored 0, 1, 2, or 3 according to increased severity of the symptom. The epds should be used to screen women who are pregnant or have children. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds free social. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds asks about depressive symptoms in the past week. The spanish version was developed at the university of iowa based on earlier spanish versions of the instrument. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds pdf file 408 kb links to english resource. An additional six epds translated versions were sourced. The epds has its own informative wikipedia website. The epds is a tool that helps identify if you are at risk or are suffering from ppd. A screening questionnaire to check for depression during the postnatal period. Emotional changes after giving birth espanol spanish bilingual pdf.
Please circle the number next to the answer which comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. Portuguese edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 23 translations of the epds have been recently checked, revised or backtranslated and then reformatted by western sydney translation service onto the nsw health emr form to enable clinicians better. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale spanish translation. Items marked with an asterisk are reverse scored i. Depressive symptoms measured using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale in mothers and partners in the alspac study. A guide to the edinburgh postnatal depression scale.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds guidelines. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Ppd affects up to 20% of postnatal women and up to 10% of pregnant women. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds is designed to detect postnatal depression in mothers 68 weeks after delivery. Code 96161 is used to report the use of a standardized instrument to screen for health risks in the caregiver for the benefit of the patient. Mental health screening tools in different languages. This is the most common form of screen used in most doctors offices. It has 10 questions, is free, is relatively easy to score, and can be completed in less than 5 minutes by the mother. Using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen for symptoms of depression among latina, african american and caucasian adolescents. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds english pdf edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds spanish pdf edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds scoring instructions pdf sample signature page for new mothers re. This form is administered during postpartum when signs or symptoms indicate. Pdf the objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the edinburg postnatal depression scale epds to detect depression.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed in 1987 to screen for postnatal depression. The child health clinic, postnatal checkup or a home visit may provide suitable opportunities for its completion. Although the spanish version has been widely used, its factorial structure has not yet been studied. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Data suggest that lowering the threshold to a score of 910 may increase the detection of symptoms of ppd.
A total score of 2 or higher is a positive screen, indicating a need for additional assessment. Interpreting the edinburgh postpartum depression scale for refugees. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10item questionnaire that was developed to identify women who have postpartum depression. The spanish translation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale and the use of the word desgraciada janet m. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds consists of 10 questions.
The 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most commonly used screening tool in pregnancy and postpartum. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno. This form is administered during postpartum when signs or. This 10question selfrating scale has been demonstrated to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. Read the original article in full on wellcome open research.
The validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. Accuracy of the whooley questions and the edinburgh. It has been used but not validated for perinatal use. Screening for maternal depression essential to child. Epds edinburgh postnatal depression scale and phq9 patient health questionnaire9 the recommended cutoff score for a positive screen using either tool is 10. Uk national health service nhs information about postnatal depression.
We report data from all women n1201 attending in a routine postnatal checkup at 6 weeks postpartum during 1 year. Postpartum depression screening utilizing the edinburgh postnatal depression scale may be reimbursed up to 2 times per member ages 06 months, using cpt code 96161. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. A woman scoring 12 or above is most likely suffering from depression in the peripartum period. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale pdf sample letter to patients doctor re. Many translated example sentences containing edinburgh postnatal depression scale spanishenglish dictionary and search engine for spanish translations. The hard copy of the guideline interventions for postpartum depression is available through the registered nurses association of ontario. It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this 10 item selfreport questionnaire can be readily found online for free with scoring instructions. Diagnostic accuracy of the edinburgh postnatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside of the postpartum period. A data note read the latest article version by elise paul, rebecca m.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. The edinburgh postpartum depression scale epds is a selfadministered examination that is. Wojcicki and jillian geissler transcultural psychiatry 20 50. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment.
However, screening rates are four times lower with indigenous australian. It is easy to score, designed specifically for use in peripartum populations, is well validated during pregnancy and postpartum, available in over 20 languages, and is crossculturally validated. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was originally created as a unidimensional scale to screen for postpartum depression ppd. About the edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds was developed in the 1980s by john cox, a consultant psychiatrist in the united kingdom, and his colleagues jeni holden and ruth sagovsky.
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